This may be because the individual is unable to express their views or feels that their voice is not being heard. You may also want to ask them to repeat it back to you in their own words. Each individual you support has the right to say no, the right to have a relationship, the right to have a say about how they are supported. 1. Sadly, it was rarely enforced and the disabled register was inaccurate. Failure to do so could result in legal action or litigation being taken against yourself and/or your organisation. It could also mean keeping sentences short and to the point using a limited number of keywords. During verbal communication with individuals with learning disabilities there are several things you may need to consider: Not all communication is verbal and some individuals with learning disabilities can only communicate via non-verbal means. At a particular meeting it is decided by the group that the next book that they will all read is a new release. In the 21st Century, more and more people moved into supported living environments where they either owned or privately rented their homes and had support workers come in to provide their care. Be open to following them to see what they want to show you, Visual aids – pictures on cue cards can be used to communicate, Drawing/writing – some individuals prefer to communicate using drawings or writing, Don’t give up – sometimes it can be difficult to understand but be patient and tenacious in your communication. unwelcome in a place. The attitude of the time was to keep these individuals segregated from the general population and those that did live in local communities were often treated with pity or disdain and suffered harassment and abuse. This has led to much more collaboration, choice and independence for individuals. A learning disability occurs when the brain is still developing, either before birth (prenatally), during birth or during early childhood. They also argue powerfully as to how this inclusion can create important opportunities for developing friendships and ‘natural support’. Environment – as much as possible, ensure that you are communicating in a comfortable setting. Another example is when planning meals for an individual. The Human Rights Act 1998 and Equality Act 2010 reinforced this. The medical model of disability would say that the barrier to participation is the individual’s learning disability. It also means you’re in a position to report any issues to management (especially if the discriminated person doesn’t … In 1948, the NHS took control of institutions and they became hospitals, however the poor treatment of patients continued. These are appointed by the local authority when individual is unable to make their own decisions and they have no family or friends that can support them. This means that individuals with learning disabilities and their families have a lot more control over the care and support that they receive. The Education (Handicapped Children) Act 1970 and Education Act 1981 made education a universal right and that all children should be taught in mainstream schools wherever possible. 4.1 Explain the meaning of the term ‘social inclusion’ 4.2 Explain the meaning of the term advocacy 4.3 Describe different types of advocacy 4.4 Describe ways to build empowerment and active participation into everyday support with individuals with learning disabilities The Care Act 2014 made it the duty of local authorities to ensure the wellbeing of individuals with learning disabilities. And encourage the individual to take an interest and contribute towards their support. Some countries such as Sweden practiced compulsory sterilisation. This type of advocacy can be limited in use as a friend of family member may have a conflict of interest. Past ways of working with individuals with learning disabilities went from the institution/asylum method throughout the first half of the 20th century where individuals were segregated from ‘normal’ society and even treated like criminals to integration with local communities with a focus on care but with limited rights and finally to the person centred approach of 21st century where services are tailored to the individual’s needs. Unstructured observations took place within a variety of community settings: supermarkets, pub, a park. Social inclusion is linked to the concept of equal Understand the legal and policy framework underpinning an individual’s right to make decisions and take risks 4. Increased exposure and communication between different groups of people can create more tolerance, empathy and understanding. This was also the view of the majority of families of individuals with learning disabilities and the professionals that supported them. Pay attention to temperature, lighting seating etc. While inclusion and exclusion have social, economic and political dimensions, in this training program we focus on the 'social' dimension which concerns connections to other people. Siblings may feel pushed out and jealous that their brother/sister appears to receive more attention than they do and not understand the reasons why. Or the group should have chosen different book so as not to exclude the individual. This act has helped to ensure that people with learning disabilities have the same life opportunities as everybody else. Despite this, populations of hospitals continued to rise as many individuals were not aware of their choice or had been institutionalised and did not want to move. The bio-psychosocial model is useful to understand the support that spinal cord injured young people, their families and schools may need to ensure to full inclusion in mainstream education. The latter half of the 20th century saw more people moving from institutions to local communities and some individuals did have sexual relationships and have children, however the view of the general public was still one of concern. Other charities such as Mencap and Scope have done a lot of lobbying on behalf of individuals with learning disabilities to help change attitudes and policy. support with individuals with learning disabilities Introduction This learning outcome starts out by explaining what is meant by ‘social inclusion’, including a list of activities that people with learning disabilities can be supported to do so that they are more socially included. If a woman were to get pregnant, they would not have been allowed to keep the child. Maintaining contact with family and friends, participating in cultural and community activities and using skills all contribute to social inclusion. In the 60s and 70s, more individuals with learning disabilities began to transition from life in institutions to local communities. It is not appropriate to talk to them as you would a child as this can come across as rude and patronising. check understanding so that you can promote communication with individuals with learning disabilities. Learning outcome 1: Understand approaches that enable individuals with dementia to experience wellbeing Individual • Someone requiring care or support; it will usually mean the person or people supported by the learner. Our relationships with family and friends define and shape who we are; Family and friends provide all sorts of help and support, from small to big things; Having positive relationships with family and friends makes us happier and healthier; Much of what we know about the world, we learn from our family and friends; Family and friends provide us with 'social capital' – material and non-material resources that we can use to achieve things we cannot achieve on our own; Through existing friends, we can get to meet new friends; a Local authorities must also provide services to meet the needs of individuals with learning disabilities or identify referrals to third-party services. In the eyes of the law, all individuals have the same fundamental rights and freedoms as set out by the Human Rights Act 1998. An individual may use one or more of them at different times in their lives depending on their personal needs and circumstances. This can include people that have been detained under the mental health act or do not have the mental capacity to make decisions. Discrimination Act, Equality Act, Human Rights Act, Health and Social Care Act (Regulated activities) and the Essential Standards, Codes of Practice for Social Care Workers. Struggling financially to make ends meet and having limited options for improving your financial situation; Feeling socially isolated or lonely, having few friends and limited opportunities to meet new people or  make new relationships; Having limited access to community resources such as health, educational and recreational services; Having no 'voice' and influence over decisions that affect your life. By now, individuals with learning disabilities were being listened to more and given more respect and choice with their healthcare options. Registered charities with an annual income over £10,000 must provide annual information to the Commission. Understanding Social Inclusion, Social Cohesion and Social Capital Robert J. Oxobyy June 2009 Abstract The topics of social capital, social cohesion, and social inclusion are increasingly gaining interest in economics, sociology, and politics, particularly in regards to addressing poverty and designing related policies. In fact, one of the benefits of the evolution of services is that we now understand that we should never rest on our laurels and should strive for continuous improvement backed by research. Understand the importance of a positive, person-centred approach to risk assessment 3. 6.3 Describe ways of checking whether an individual has understood a communication and how to address any misunderstandings. And the British Institute of Learning Disabilities do not give an exact proportion but do say: … for many who are diagnosed with having a general learning disability, the cause remains unknown. The Human Rights Act set out the basic rights that everybody can expect, the Equality Act made it illegal to discriminate against minority groups and the Care Act gave individuals more choice in their care packages leading to increased independence. Individuals with learning disabilities often require far more support than those that don’t and may never be fully independent. There are also other ‘protected’ characteristics including gender and age. 1959 saw the introduction of the Mental Health Act, which made living in a ‘hospital’ voluntary unless individuals were classed a danger to others and that community care should be espoused. The 50% proportion of learning disabilities with unknown cause has been floating around the Internet for a long time and is often accepted as an answer for the Level 2 Diploma but we have been unable to find the original source for this figure – do let us know if you can direct us to it. Understand the legislation and policies that support the human rights and inclusion of individuals with learning disabilities. The negative aspects of using the label ‘learning disability’ are: Positive attitudes towards individuals can be promoted using a variety of strategies. By the time you have completed this unit, you will have a good understanding of the legislation and policies that support the human rights and inclusion of individuals … Unfortunately, prejudice and outdated attitudes towards people with learning disabilities does still exist but thankfully it is becoming more of a minority. Social inclusion, the converse of social exclusion, is affirmative action to change the circumstances and habits that lead to (or have led to) social exclusion. Working in partnership with them. If you are communicating with an adult with learning disabilities, you should speak to them as an adult. The audio book should have been released at the same time as the print book so that it can be enjoined by both people that can and can’t read at the same time. Many of these simply represent the lower end of the normal distribution of intelligence. It was built around routine and amongst the daily chores and medical care, residents were given very little stimulation or activities. The National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 gave individuals with learning disabilities more control over where they lived by introducing Direct Payments. More recently, legislation has enshrined the rights of individuals with learning disabilities. It advocates that both the medical and social models are appropriate, but neither is sufficient on its own to explain the complex nature of one’s health. Know What Discrimination Looks Like. Skills for Care and Skills for Health are charities that promote best practice and workforce and workforce development in health and social care. that may indicate that they are either not listening or not understanding. McConkey 207 Journal of Intellectual Disability Research doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00858.x pp – Variations in the social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in supported living schemes and Encouraging them to take an active role in their support. This includes individuals that are disadvantaged by disability. Understand how to support individuals during the last days of life: 3: 3: ... 1.3 Explain how practices that support equality and inclusion reduce the likelihood of discrimination ... Assess the individual in a health and social care setting This has made societal prejudice unacceptable in the eyes of the law and an individual with a learning disability must be given the same opportunities as everybody else in all aspects of life including work and recreation. In the 21st century, services for individuals with learning disabilities have improved greatly, particularly following the 2001 white paper ‘Valuing People‘ (later updated in 2009 ‘Valuing People Now‘), which started a person-centred approach to learning disability services. To support greater inclusivity, equality and diversity you need to know how to spot when it isn’t happening. The advocate will be trained to use different techniques to try and find out what the individual wants and, if unable to do so, will make decisions on behalf of the individual that are in their best interests. 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